VI.1 Processes determining the evolution of pack ice.IV.4.3 Cirrus clouds and the supersaturation puzzle.IV.4.2 Ice nucleation in the troposphere.IV.4 Ice-containing clouds in the troposphere.IV.2 Ice clouds in the mesopause region.IV.1 Measurement and simulation methods.III.3.2 Desorption of ice-trapped molecules.III.3 Heterogeneous chemical processes on interstellar surfaces.III.2.1 Amorphous versus crystalline ice.III.1.1 Ice morphology on interstellar grain surfaces.III.1 Laboratory studies of astrophysical ices.II.3.2 Formation and structures of amorphous ices.II.3.1 Crystalline and amorphous structures.II.1 Order and disorder in crystalline ice structures.Technical University Hamburg Harburg, D- 21079 Hamburg, Germanyĭepartment of Chemistry, Suleyman Demirel University, TR-32260 Isparta, Turkey INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra, CSIC–Universidad de Granada, E-18002 Granada, SpainįEI Company, Achtseweg NoGG, Eindhoven, The Netherlands GZG Crystallography, University of Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germanyĭepartment of Chemistry, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE-41296 Göteborg, Swedenĭepartment of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, UK Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, CSIC, E-18080 Granada, Spainįinnish Meteorological Institute, FIN-00100 Helsinki, Finland Institute of Materials Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, A-1060 Vienna, Austria Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, E-28006 Madrid, Spainĭepartment of Physics & Astronomy and London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra, CSIC–Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, SwitzerlandĮcole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France This electrical modelling framework successfully replicates many of the qualitative features of the slow wave activity within the stomach and intestine and has also been used to investigate activity associated with functional uncoupling of the stomach.Lab. This simulated cell level activity is incorporated into a bidomain representation of the tissue, allowing electrical activity of the entire stomach or intestine to be simulated in the anatomically derived models. Electrical activity within individual ICCs and smooth muscle cells is simulated using a previously published simplified representation of the cell level electrical activity. These models explicitly incorporate the various smooth muscle layers and networks of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) that are known to exist within the walls of the stomach and small bowel. The continuum models used within this framework have been created using anatomical information derived from common medical imaging modalities and data from the Visible Human Project. Specifically, we present an anatomically and physiologically based modelling framework that is capable of simulating normal and pathological electrical activity within the stomach and small intestine. We present here a small facet of this broad plan that applies to the gastrointestinal system. One of the major aims of the International Union of Physiological Sciences (IUPS) Physiome Project is to develop multiscale mathematical and computer models that can be used to help understand human health.

Manico multiscala o normale